Ibicuruzwa bitandukanya ikirere: Kongera umusaruro wa gazi yinganda

Ibicuruzwa bitandukanya ikirere: Kuzamura umusaruro wa gazi yinganda Ishusho

Ibisobanuro bigufi:

Isosiyete itanga ibikoresho byinshi byo gutandukanya ikirere bikoreshwa mu nganda zitandukanye nka metallurgie, peteroli, n’ikirere. Kunoza inzira hamwe nibicuruzwa byacu byiza.

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Ibicuruzwa birambuye

Ibicuruzwa

Ibiranga ibicuruzwa

Ibice bitandukanya ikirere (ASUs) nibice bigize inganda nyinshi kandi bigira uruhare runini mubikorwa byo gukora bisaba gaze nziza. Zikoreshwa mugutandukanya ibice byumwuka nka ogisijeni, azote, argon, helium nizindi myuka myiza. ASU ikora ku ihame ryo gukonjesha cryogenic, ikoresha ingingo zitandukanye zitetse ziyi myuka kugirango itandukane neza.

Gahunda yo gutandukanya ikirere itangirana no guhumeka no gukonjesha umwuka mubushyuhe buke cyane. Ibi birashobora kugerwaho hakoreshejwe uburyo butandukanye, harimo kwaguka kwaguka, aho umwuka waguka hanyuma ugakonja kubushyuhe buke. Ubundi, umwuka urashobora guhagarikwa no gukonjeshwa mbere yo kuyungurura. Umwuka umaze kugera mumazi, birashobora gutandukana muburyo bwo gukosora.

Mu nkingi ya distillation, umwuka wamazi ushushe neza kugirango ubiteke. Iyo guteka bibaye, imyuka ihindagurika cyane, nka azote, itetse kuri -196 ° C, ibanza guhumeka. Iyi nzira ya gazi iba ahantu hirengeye muminara, bigatuma buri kintu cyihariye cya gaze gitandukanywa kandi kigakusanywa. Gutandukana kugerwaho mugukoresha itandukaniro mubintu bitetse hagati ya gaze.

Kimwe mu bintu bitandukanya uruganda rutandukanya ikirere nubushobozi bwarwo bwo kubyara gaze nyinshi. Iyi myuka ikoreshwa mu nganda zitandukanye, harimo gukora ibyuma, gukora imiti, n'ubuvuzi. Urwego rw'isuku rugerwaho nigice cyo gutandukanya ikirere ningirakamaro mukubungabunga ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa, kuzamura umutekano no gukora neza.

Guhindura ibihingwa bitandukanya ikirere nabyo bikwiye kumenyekana. Ibi bice birashobora gushushanywa kubyara gaze ivanze ikwiranye ninganda zitandukanye. Kurugero, mu nganda zikora ibyuma, ibice bitandukanya ikirere birashobora gushyirwaho kugirango bibyare gaze ikungahaye kuri ogisijeni, byongera umuriro kandi byongera itanura. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, mu buvuzi, ibice bitandukanya ikirere bitanga umwuka mwiza wa ogisijeni ukoreshwa mu buhumekero no mu buvuzi.

Mubyongeyeho, ibihingwa bitandukanya ikirere bifite sisitemu yo kugenzura igezweho itanga uburyo bwo gukurikirana no gukora kure. Ibi bituma habaho ihinduka ryoroshye ryibiciro bya gaze, bigatuma ikoreshwa neza ryumutungo ukurikije ibisabwa. Ibikoresho byikora bifasha gukoresha neza ingufu, kongera imikorere no kugabanya ibiciro.

Umutekano ningenzi mubikorwa byose byinganda. Ibimera bitandukanya ikirere byateguwe hamwe nuburyo butandukanye bwumutekano kugirango ubuzima bwabakozi nubusugire bwibikorwa. Harimo sisitemu yo gufunga byikora, sisitemu yo gutabaza hamwe na valve yo gutabara. Abakora uruganda rutandukanya ikirere bahabwa amahugurwa akomeye kugirango bakemure ibibazo byose byihutirwa no kubungabunga umutekano wibikorwa.

Mu gusoza, ibice bitandukanya ikirere nibyingenzi mugutandukanya ibice byumwuka mubikorwa bitandukanye byinganda. Ihame ry'ubushyuhe buke bakoresha barashobora gutandukanya neza imyuka no gutanga ibicuruzwa byera cyane. Ihinduka, sisitemu yo kugenzura igezweho hamwe nibiranga umutekano bituma ASU ari ingenzi mu nganda zitandukanye ku isi. Mugihe ikoranabuhanga rikomeje gutera imbere, ibice bitandukanya ikirere bizagira uruhare runini mugukemura ikibazo cya gaze nziza.

Gusaba ibicuruzwa

Ibice bitandukanya ikirere (ASUs) bigira uruhare runini mu nganda zitandukanye mu gutandukanya umwuka mu bice byingenzi, aribyo Nitrogen, Oxygene na Argon. Iyi myuka ikoreshwa cyane muri metallurgie, peteroli-chimique, imiti yamakara, ifumbire, gushonga ferrous, aerosmace nizindi nzego. Ibigo nkibyacu byinzobere mubikoresho byo gutandukanya ikirere bitanga ibicuruzwa byinshi kugirango bihuze ibikenewe bitandukanye byinganda.

Ibicuruzwa byacu bitandukanya ikirere byateguwe neza kandi byubatswe kugirango bikore neza kandi byizewe. Hamwe nikoranabuhanga rigezweho hamwe ningamba zikomeye zo kugenzura ubuziranenge, twishimira gutanga ibikoresho byo mu rwego rwa mbere byujuje ubuziranenge bw’inganda.

Imwe mu nganda zingenzi zungukirwa no gukoresha ibice bitandukanya ikirere ni metallurgie. Oxygene ikorwa ningingo zitandukanya ikirere zikoreshwa muburyo butandukanye bwo gukora ibyuma nko gukora ibyuma no gukora ibyuma. Gutunganya Oxygene byongera itanura ryaka, bigabanya gukoresha ingufu kandi bikazamura ubwiza bwibicuruzwa. Byongeye kandi, azote na argon bikoreshwa mugusukura, gukonjesha no kuba ikirere kirinda ibikorwa bitandukanye bya metallurgie.

Mu murima wa peteroli, ibice bitandukanya ikirere bitanga isoko ihoraho kandi yizewe ya gaze yibicuruzwa bisabwa muburyo butandukanye. Oxygene ikoreshwa mu gukora okiside ya Ethylene na okiside ya propylene, mu gihe azote ikoreshwa nk'urwego rwa inert mu rwego rwo gukumira ibisasu n'umuriro mu gihe cyo kubika no gukoresha ibikoresho byaka. Gutandukanya umwuka mubice byacyo mubice bitandukanya ikirere bituma gazi ihora ikenerwa mubikorwa bya peteroli.

Inganda zikora amakara nazo zungukiye byinshi murwego rwo gutandukanya ikirere. Umwuka wa ogisijeni ukorwa n’ishami rishinzwe gutandukanya ikirere ukoreshwa mu gusohora amakara, inzira aho amakara ahindurwamo gaze ya synthesis kugira ngo ikore imiti. Syngas irimo hydrogène, monoxyde de carbone nibindi bikoresho bikenerwa kugirango habeho imiti n’ibicanwa bitandukanye.

Ibice bitandukanya ikirere nabyo bikoreshwa mu nganda zifumbire. Azote ikorwa ku bwinshi mu gihe cyo gutandukanya ikirere, ni ikintu cy'ingenzi mu gukora ifumbire. Ifumbire mvaruganda ya azote ningirakamaro kugirango itere imbere gukura neza kuko azote nintungamubiri yingenzi kubimera. Mugutanga isoko yizewe ya azote, ibice bitandukanya ikirere bifasha kubyara ifumbire mvaruganda iteza imbere umusaruro wubuhinzi.

Guconga ibyuma bidafite fer, nko gukora aluminium n'umuringa, bishingiye ku ikoranabuhanga rya ASU mu gutunganya ogisijeni mu gihe cyo gushonga. Kugenzura ogisijeni igenzurwa ituma ubushyuhe bugabanuka kandi bigahindura ibyuma. Byongeye kandi, azote na argon bikoreshwa mugusukura no gukurura intego, kuzamura imikorere rusange nubwiza bwibikorwa.

Ibice bitandukanya ikirere nabyo bigira uruhare runini mu nganda zo mu kirere. Binyuze muri ibyo bikoresho, azote na gaze ya azote na ogisijeni birashobora gukorwa mu ndege no mu cyogajuru. Iyi myuka ikoreshwa mugukanda kabine, igitoro cya lisansi no gutwika mugukoresha icyogajuru, kurinda umutekano nibikorwa byindege.

Muncamake, ibice byo gutandukanya ikirere bifite intera nini yo gusaba mu nganda nyinshi. Shaka ibikoresho byizewe bya azote, ogisijeni na argon unyuze mu gice cyo gutandukanya ikirere kugirango ushyigikire imikorere myiza nka metallurgie, peteroli-chimique, imiti yamakara, ifumbire, gushonga ferrous, hamwe nindege. Nka sosiyete izobereye mubikoresho byo gutandukanya ikirere, dutanga ibicuruzwa bitandukanye byujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa ninganda, byemeza imikorere idahwitse nibisohoka neza.