Ibigega byo kubika Cryogenicni ibintu by'ingenzi mu nganda zisaba kubika no gutwara imyuka yanduye ku bushyuhe buke cyane. Ibigega byagenewe kubungabunga ibintu ku bushyuhe bwa kirogenike, ubusanzwe munsi ya -150 ° C (-238 ° F), kugira ngo bigumane mu mazi. Ihame ryakazi ryibikoresho bya cryogenic bibika bishingiye kuri thermodynamic namahame yubuhanga byemeza umutekano nuburyo bwiza bwo kubika ibyo bintu.
Kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi bigize ububiko bwo kubika ni uburyo bwo kubika ibintu. Ikigega gikunze kuba gikikijwe kabiri, urukuta rwo hanze rukora nk'urwego rukingira kandi urukuta rw'imbere rufata gaze ya lisukari. Umwanya uri hagati yinkuta zombi wimuwe kugirango habeho icyuho, kigabanya ihererekanyabubasha kandi bikarinda gutakaza ubushyuhe bwa kirogenike. Ubu buryo bwo gukumira ni ingenzi cyane mu gukomeza ubushyuhe buke imbere mu kigega no kwirinda gaze ya gaze.
Usibye sisitemu yo gukumira,ububiko bwa cryogenickoresha kandi ibikoresho byihariye kugirango uhangane n'ubukonje bukabije. Ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu kubaka ibyo bigega byatoranijwe neza kugira ngo bihuze neza na kirogenike hamwe n’ubushobozi bwabo bwo guhangana n’ubushyuhe buke bitavunitse cyangwa ngo bitakaze ubusugire bw’imiterere. Ibyuma bitagira umuyonga na aluminiyumu isanzwe ikoreshwa mubwubatsi bwimbere, mugihe ibyuma bya karubone bikoreshwa mugikonoshwa cyo hanze. Ibi bikoresho bikorerwa igeragezwa rikomeye hamwe nuburyo bwo kugenzura ubuziranenge kugirango barebe ko bikwiranye na cryogenic.
Kubika no gutwara ibintu bya kirogenike bisaba kandi gukoresha ububiko bwihariye hamwe nibikoresho bishobora gukora neza mubushyuhe buke. Ibi bice byashizweho kugirango birinde kumeneka no kugumana ubusugire bwikigega, kabone niyo byaba bikabije mububiko bwa kirogenike. Byongeye kandi, ibigega bifite ibikoresho byo gutabara igitutu kugirango birinde umuvuduko ukabije no kurinda umutekano wa sisitemu yo kubika.
Ihame ryakazi ryibigega bya cryogenic nabyo bikubiyemo gukoresha sisitemu yo gukonjesha kugirango ubushyuhe buke buri imbere muri tank. Izi sisitemu zagenewe guhora zikuramo ubushyuhe muri tank no kugenzura ubushyuhe bwa gaze ya lisukari kugirango ikomeze kumera neza. Sisitemu yo gukonjesha yateguwe neza kandi ikurikiranwa neza kugirango ikore neza kandi yizewe, kuko kunanirwa kwose bishobora kuviramo gutakaza ubushyuhe bwa kirogenike hamwe nibishobora guhinduka mubintu biri muri tank.
Mu nganda nk'ubuvuzi, gutunganya ibiribwa, no gukora ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, ibigega byo kubika kirogenike bigira uruhare runini mu kubika no gutwara ibintu nka azote yuzuye, ogisijeni y'amazi, na helium y'amazi. Ibi bintu bikoreshwa muburyo butandukanye bwo gukoresha, uhereye kubungabunga ibinyabuzima n'ibikoresho byo kwa muganga kugeza gukonjesha gukonjesha ibintu hamwe n'ibikoresho bya semiconductor. Imikorere yizewe kandi ikora neza yububiko bwa cryogenic ningirakamaro kugirango habeho kuboneka nubwiza bwibi bintu mubikorwa bitandukanye byinganda.
Ihame ryakazi ryibigega bya cryogenic nabyo ni ngombwa mubijyanye no kubika ingufu no gutwara. Gazi isanzwe (LNG) hamwe na hydrogène y'amazi bigenda bikoreshwa nkibicanwa bisimburana kubinyabiziga no kubyara amashanyarazi. Kubika no gutwara ibyo bintu bya kirogenique bisaba ibigega byihariye bya kirogenike bishobora kugumana ubushyuhe buke no gukora ibintu byihariye byamazi. Amahame yo kubika cryogenic ningirakamaro mugukoresha neza kandi neza gukoresha ibyo bicanwa.
Ihame ryakazi ryibigega bya cryogenic na byo ni ingenzi mu nganda zo mu kirere, aho moteri ya kirogenike nka ogisijeni y’amazi na hydrogène y’amazi ikoreshwa muri sisitemu yo gutwara roketi. Izi moteri zigomba kubikwa no kujyanwa ku bushyuhe bwa kirogenike kugira ngo zigumane ubucucike bwazo kandi zitwike neza mu gihe cya roketi. Ibigega byo kubika Cryogenic bigira uruhare runini mugutanga ibikorwa remezo nkenerwa byo kubika no gutunganya izo moteri mu nganda zo mu kirere.
Mu gusoza, ihame ryakazi ryaububiko bwa cryogenicishingiye ku mahame ya thermodinamike, ubwubatsi, na siyansi yubumenyi. Ibyo bigega byashizweho kugirango bigumane ubushyuhe buke busabwa mu kubika no gutwara imyuka y’amazi, mu gihe hubahirizwa umutekano n’imikorere ya sisitemu yo kubika. Sisitemu yo kubika, ibikoresho, indangagaciro, hamwe na sisitemu yo gukonjesha ikoreshwa mu bigega byo kubika cryogenic byateguwe neza kandi birageragezwa kugira ngo bikemure ibibazo byihariye byo gukemura ibintu bya kirogenike. Haba mubikorwa byinganda, ingufu, cyangwa icyogajuru, ibigega byo kubika kirogenique nibyingenzi kugirango habeho kuboneka no gukoresha neza imyuka yanduye mubushyuhe buke cyane.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-03-2024
