Amazi ya Cryogenic ni ibintu bibikwa ku bushyuhe buke cyane, ubusanzwe buri munsi ya dogere selisiyusi -150. Aya mazi, nkajson. Ikibazo nka azote yuzuye, helium yamazi, na ogisijeni yamazi, bikoreshwa mubikorwa bitandukanye byinganda, ubuvuzi, na siyanse. Ariko, kubika amazi ya kirogenique bisaba kwitabwaho no kwitondera bitewe nubushyuhe buke cyane nibishobora guteza ingaruka.
Kubika amavuta ya kirogenike neza, ni ngombwa gukoresha ibikoresho byihariye hamwe nuburyo bwo kubika bwagenewe guhangana nubushyuhe bukabije. Ubwoko bumwe busanzwe bwa kontineri ikoreshwa kurikubika amazi ya kirogenikeni dewar. Ikime kigizwe nicyombo cyimbere gifata amazi ya kirogenike, kizengurutswe nicyombo cyo hanze gifite icyuho hagati yabyo. Iyi vacuum ikora nka insulasiyo kugirango amazi agumane ubushyuhe buke kandi birinde ubushyuhe kwinjira muri kontineri.
Igihekubika amavuta ya kirogenike muri dewar, ni ngombwa kwemeza ko kontineri ibikwa ahantu hafite umwuka uhagije kugirango wirinde kwirundanya kwa gaze iyo ari yo yose ishobora kuva mu mazi. Byongeye kandi, ahantu ho kubika hagomba kuba hashyizweho sisitemu yo kumenya no guhumeka kugirango ikurikirane kandi ikureho gaze iyo ari yo yose.
Ni ngombwa kandi gufata amazi ya kirogenike witonze kugirango wirinde ingaruka zishobora kubaho. Iyo wujuje ikariso n'amazi ya kirogenike, inzira igomba gukorerwa ahantu hafite umwuka uhumeka neza, kandi hagomba kwambarwa ibikoresho bikwiye byo kurinda umuntu, nka gants na gogles. Byongeye kandi, inzira yo kuzuza igomba gukorwa nabakozi bahuguwe bamenyereye gufata neza no kubika amazi ya kirogenike.
Usibye gukoresha ibikoresho byabigenewe hamwe nuburyo bukoreshwa, ni ngombwa gukurikiza amabwiriza yihariye yo kubika ubwoko butandukanye bwamazi ya kirogenike. Kurugero, azote yuzuye, isanzwe ikoreshwa muri laboratoire no mubuvuzi, igomba kubikwa ahantu hafite umwuka mwiza kure y’amasoko. Ni ngombwa kandi kwemeza ko ahantu ho kubika hafite ibikoresho byorohereza ingufu kugirango hirindwe kwiyongera k'umuvuduko ukabije muri kontineri.
Iyo ubitse amazi ya helium, akoreshwa kenshi mubushakashatsi bwa cryogenic hamwe na progaramu ya superconducting, ni ngombwa kugumisha ahantu ho guhumeka neza kandi nta bikoresho bishobora gutwikwa. Byongeye kandi, hagomba gufatwa ingamba zo kwirinda umuvuduko ukabije wibikoresho byabitswe, kuko helium yamazi ishobora kwaguka vuba iyo ishyushye.
Kubika ogisijeni y'amazi, ikoreshwa mubuvuzi n'inganda, ingamba zumutekano zigomba gukurikizwa kubera imiterere ya okiside. Ahantu ho guhunika hagomba guhumeka neza kandi hatarimo ibikoresho byaka, kandi hagomba gufatwa ingamba zo kwirinda ikwirakwizwa ry’ikirere gikungahaye kuri ogisijeni, gishobora guteza inkongi y'umuriro.
Usibye gukurikiza aya mabwiriza, ni ngombwa kugenzura buri gihe no kubungabunga ibikoresho byabitswe hamwe n’ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu mazi ya kirogenike. Ibi birimo kugenzura ibimenyetso byose byangiritse cyangwa kwambara, kureba niba ibikoresho byorohereza umuvuduko bikora neza, no gukurikirana urwego rwamazi ya kirogenike muri kontineri kugirango birinde kuzura.
Muri rusange, kubika amavuta ya kirogenike bisaba kwitondera neza birambuye no kubahiriza amabwiriza yihariye yumutekano. Ukoresheje ibikoresho byabigenewe, uburyo bwo gutunganya, hamwe nuburyo bwo kubika, ingaruka zishobora kuba ziterwa n’amazi ya kirogenike irashobora kugabanuka, bigatuma ikoreshwa neza kandi neza mubikorwa bitandukanye.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-14-2024
